First, let‘s begin with how our skin is formed. The skin (or more specifically in this case, the outer portion known as the epidermis) is composed of several layers of skin cells (keratinocytes). The base (or basal layer) is where new cells originate. As they mature, they move upward until they reach the topmost layer that we can touch, called the stratum corneum (corneum meaning cornified, or thickened). During this process, they become bonded together with certain proteins and ceramides (or moisturizing factors) that prevent entrance of anything foreign into our bodies and also minimize water loss through these cells. Think of the skin as a “brick and mortar” analogy—skin cells are bricks held together by proteins (or mortar) that keep us healthy and moisturized.

The relative thickness of your epidermis is dependent primarily on location. The thickest layers of skin are typically found on the palms and soles (about 1.5mm), while the thinnest skin is found on your eyelid (0.1mm). Compare the thickness of a dime to a strand of hair, and you’ve got the idea. Differences in thickness relate to general use of those areas, as areas of high friction are typically thicker (i.e., feet)—this can also be demonstrated by the development of calluses in areas of chronic use (palms with weight lifting, knees in surfers, etc). It is important to keep in mind these differences when using various products including topical prescription medications as some are formulated for areas of increased thickness while others are primarily for those areas that are most sensitive and thinner.

Underneath this outer layer, or epidermis, lies the middle layer known as the dermis (see, it’s already easy to remember). The dermis is primarily composed of collagen (yay! Collagen—the all important anti-aging goal) and elastic fibers. To be brief, these two proteins function to resist stress to our skin (stress meaning tension, gravity, weight, pressure—not handling a particularly bad traffic jam). The dermis also contains the blood vessels that supply our skin; sweat and oil ducts; hair follicles; nerve endings for sensation; and even in some areas thin layers of muscle (face and neck in particular). So all in all—the dermis is pretty important for overall skin health given how many important jobs it has to do.

Lastly, the skin is supported by a subcutaneous (under skin) layer of fat. This fat primarily functions to protect and insulate our bodies. It additionally is an important site for hormone regulation and is a source of energy for our cells. The thickness of the subcutaneous layer differs according to body site (see above: epidermal thickness differences); however this can also be influenced by an individual’s weight. It is this layer that is targeted by liposuction and other body sculpting treatments such as cool sculpting to reduce the overall thickness of this layer.

Our skin, the largest organ in our body, requires a specialist who has dedicated their career to pursuit of knowledge in the field of skin health. As dermatologists, we have extensive training and knowledge in the intimate functions of the skin and all the important tasks required for our overall health. Like we like to say at Southern Dermatology…..”We Know Skin.” Make an appointment today and see the difference a skin specialist can make for you!